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The word "proxy" is a reference to the concept of a proxy as well as a proxy server, a software that serves as an intermediary between client and a server on the internet. Without the need for a proxy, a user could send a request for resources directly to a server, then the server could return the resource directly back at the requester's expense. Although this method is easy to understand and use, the addition of proxies can bring benefits like improved performance and privacy, security and more. As an additional pass-through layer the proxy functions as a security guardian of the internet between servers and clients.




Generally speaking, the bundled equipment of servers coupled with the installed proxy software is often referred to as a proxy server. This article will concentrate on proxies which are generally thought of to be software, specifically in relation to web servers. This article will give details of the two main types that are available, including a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has a different use case, often confused because of the similar terminology.




This article will provide the understanding of the different types of proxies, the subtypes they are, as well as the way they work with a range of configurations. Through this article, you'll learn to determine the circumstances in which the use of proxies is advantageous, and decide on the right choice between forward and reverse proxy in any circumstance.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy also referred to an open proxy serves as an intermediary for clients trying to send a request over the internet to a source server. In this situation the entire attempt to send requests made by the user is instead transmitted through the forward proxy. The forward proxy, acting in place of the client, will examine into the request. At the beginning, it will decide if this client is able to accept requests from this specific forward proxy. It will then reject requests or redirect it to the server that originated it. The client is not allowed direct access to the internet. It has access to only what forward proxy allows for it access to.




A common use case of forward proxy services is to obtain greater privacy or security on the internet. A forward proxy accesses the internet as a client and, in doing so, it could use a different IP address in addition to the initial IP address of the client.




Based on how it's been configured according to the method of configuration forward proxy can provide a variety of functions and let you:




Avoid tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions based on your geolocation.




Forward proxies can also be used in systems that rely on central security as well as permission-based access, such as in workplaces. If all internet traffic flows through a forward proxy open layer, administrators can allow access only to a select group of users to the internet, and this is blocked by a common firewall. Instead of setting up firewalls on the layer of clients, which can be used by several computer systems with different configurations and settings, firewalls could be installed at the proxy layer.




It is essential to note that forward proxies must be configured manually and reverse proxies could be ignored by the client. Depending on the type IP address of a client is transmitted to the server where it came from by the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity could be granted or not.




There are a number of possibilities to look into for forward proxy possibilities:




Apache A well-known, open-source web server, that can provide forward proxy features.


Nginx: Another well-known open-source server for web hosting that has forward proxy capabilities.


Squid: An open-source forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. It's not the complete webserver system. We have a step-by-step guide on how to install Squid proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy which uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP this is more suitable for use scenarios such as peer-to-peer traffic. You might also want to learn how to setup an Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary between a web server, handling incoming requests from customers on behalf of the server. This web server can serve as a single server or as a series of servers. Furthermore, it could serve as an application server, such as Gunicorn. In any event, a request would come through the internet in general. Typically the request will be sent directly to the web server with what the client is looking for. Reverse proxy, however, serves as an intermediary securing the server from direct contact with the internet's open.




From a consumer's point of perspective, the experience of working using reverse proxy isn't much different from working with the server on its own. It's exactly the same but clients aren't able tell the distinction. The client can request the resource and receive it, with no additional configuration required on the part of the client.




Reverse proxy providers offer features such as:




Centralized security for the web server layer.


The direction of traffic coming in is based upon rules you set.


The caching function was added to the application.




While central security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy services, reverse proxy providers this service to the web server layer, but not the client layer. instead of the maintenance of firewalls on Web server layers, which could comprise multiple servers with different configurations, most of the firewall security could be focused at the reverse proxy layer. Additionally eliminating the responsibility of working with firewalls and interacting with requests from clients that are not on web servers allows them to concentrate on meeting the requirements of their clients.




If there are multiple servers operating in a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy manages the requests to which server. There may be many web servers offering the same service, each offering different types of resource or a mix of both. These servers could be running the HTTP protocol, which is a standard web server. However, they can include other protocols for application servers such as FastCGI. You can set up a reverse proxy to direct users to a particular server based on the service being requested, or to follow specific guidelines for traffic load.




Reverse proxies also have the ability to benefit from their position before web servers, by providing the ability to cache data. Large static assets can be configured with caching rules to ensure that they prevent websites from getting hit every time a request is made. Some solutions allowing you to offer static files directly by not connecting with the website server. Additionally the reverse proxy may be able to handle compression of these assets.




The popular Nginx web server is also a reliable reverse proxy solution. You can also use the Apache web server as a reverse proxy as an alternative option for Apache and Nginx was designed originally for and is focused specifically on reverse proxy capabilities.



Differentiating Between Forward and Reverse Proxy Examples



Because "forward" or "reverse" have connotations of directionality, as well as false connections with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic the labels could be confusing as both types of proxies are able to handle requests as well as responses. An alternative method to differentiate between forward and reverse proxies is to examine the requirements of the app you're creating.




Reverse proxy could be helpful when creating an application to run websites on the internet. They are your web servers in all interactions via the internet.




Forward proxy can be beneficial when it is displayed before customers for personal use, or in an organization. They are a representation of the customer's data when you interact with them on the internet.




The ability to differentiate by the use of case instead of focusing on common names can aid you in avoidance of confusion.



Conclusion



The article explained the purpose of a proxy having two kinds: the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical use cases and an analysis of beneficial characteristics were used to determine the two kinds of proxy: forward and reverse. If you're interested to learn more about the advantages of proxies, we recommend that you go through our tutorial on how to configure Nginx to function as an Internet server as well as reverse proxy in Apache using an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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