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It is a proxy, also called a proxy server. It is software that acts as a mediator between client and server over the internet. Without a proxy, a client could send a request or resource to the server directly and the server will serve the resource directly back at the request of the customer. While this approach is straightforward to comprehend and implement the addition of proxies could provide advantages in the form of improved performance, privacy, security, and many more. As a layer of pass-through, a proxy serves as an extra layer of security on the internet between clients and servers.




The general consensus is that the combination of server hardware as well as software used to set up proxy installations is usually referred to by the name of proxy servers. This article will focus on proxy servers that are usually classified as software, and also within the context of web servers. There will be a discussion of the two primary types, namely which are a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. They each have their own unique usage scenario, which is often not understood due to the similar terms.




This article will give you some understanding about the types of proxies and what subtypes they are, and how they work in the common configurations. After having read this article, you'll be able to identify the scenarios that you can gain from a proxy. You'll then decide which is the best choice between forward and reverse proxy for each circumstance.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy, also known by the name of the open proxy serves as the representative of a customer who wants to forward a request over the internet to a source server. In this instance, the whole request sent by the user will instead be forwarded by the forward-proxy. This forward proxy acting on behalf of the client will scrutinize the request. The first step is to determine if the client is allowed to accept requests via this specific forward proxy. Then, it decides to deny a request or forward it to its original server. The client is not able to have direct access to the internet. It has access to only what forward proxy permits it to connect to.




A common use of forward proxies is to gain more privacy or security when surfing the web. A forward proxy is able to connect to the internet place of a client and as such it could utilize an alternative IP address to the client's original IP address.




Depending on how it's been set up the forward proxy will offer various functions based upon the way it has been configured and allows you to:




Avoid tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions based on your location.




Forward proxies are also utilized to secure systems which are centralised and have permission-based access like in the workplace. The entire internet can be passed via the open forward proxy. an administrator could permit just a few users connection to internet through an common firewall. Instead of establishing firewalls at the layer of clients, which could comprise a range of computers with different settings and users A firewall could be set up on top of an front proxy layer.




It is crucial to keep in mind that forward proxies must be set up manually for use however reverse proxies will remain unnoticed by clients. Depending on whether the IP address of the user is transferred to the origin server by the forward proxy privacy and anonymity may be granted or unnoticed.




There are numerous possibilities to explore for forward proxy options:




Apache: A popular open-source webserver that offers forward proxy features.


Nginx is another popular open-source web server with forward proxy functions.


Squid is an open-source forward proxy that makes use of an HTTP protocol. It isn't an entire Web server software. Check out our guide on how to install Squid proxy to connect privately for private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which makes it more suitable for situations such as peer-to-peer connections. It is also possible to examine how you can setup an Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



The reverse proxy acts as the server, which takes care of requests from clients in its place. The web server can serve as a single server, or a number of servers. Additionally, it can serve like an app server such as Gunicorn. In any of these situations, the request comes from an internet-connected user. In most cases, the request will be directed directly to the server that is the one that has the resources the user is requesting. A reverse proxy acts as an intermediary, separating it from any direct interaction with the internet's open.




From the viewpoint of the client, interfacing using reverse proxy isn't distinct from communicating with the web server directly. It's functionally identical and the user is unable to tell the distinction. The client sends a request for a resource and then receiving it with no extra configuration required by the user.




Reverse proxies can provide features such as:




Secured centrally for Web Server Layer.


Directing traffic according to rules that you decide to decide to define.


Additional functions for caching.




While centralized security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy servers. However, reverse proxy services provide this benefit to that layer of the internet server but not the client layer. Instead of the maintenance of firewalls on the web server layer, which can contain multiple servers with various configurations, the bulk of firewall security may be concentrated at the reverse proxy layer. In addition, getting rid of the hassle of dealing with firewalls and communicating with requests coming from clients far from web servers lets them focus on serving the resources.




If multiple servers are that are running through a reverse proxy The reverse proxy takes care of the way requests are routed to which server. There could be multiple web servers that provide the identical service, and each offering different types of resources or a combination of the two. They may utilize the HTTP protocol for a traditional web server, however, they might also include applications server protocols like FastCGI. You can create a reverse proxy to route clients to specific servers based on the resource they request or to observe certain guidelines regarding traffic volume.




Reverse proxies also can profit from their placement over web servers, by providing the ability to cache data. Massive static resources can be set up by using caching rules to stop hitting web servers with each request, with certain solutions providing the option to upload static files directly, without connecting to a web server even once. In addition, the reverse proxy can manage compression of these files.




The well-known Nginx website server also a highly well-known reverse proxy solution. Although Apache is also a reverse proxy option but the Apache web server does have a reverse proxy functionality as an added option for Apache while Nginx was designed originally for and focused on reverse proxy functionality.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use



Since "forward" along with "reverse" come with connotations of directionality, and false connections to "incoming" in addition to "outgoing" traffic, these labels can confuse since both kinds of proxy are able to handle requests and responses. In addition, the most effective method to distinguish between reverse and forward proxy is to look at the requirements of the app you're working on.




Reverse proxy is an important feature when you are creating a solution for serving web applications on the internet. They act as your web server during any interaction via the internet.




A forward proxy is useful when used in front of customers for your personal use or even in a workplace. They serve as the proxy for your client through any interaction with the internet.




The use case-based differentiation rather than focusing solely on standard name conventions makes it easier to avoid confusion.



Conclusion



The article clarified the definition of a proxy and two types of proxy, the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical scenarios for using them and a review of the most useful features were utilized to distinguish forward proxies and reverse proxies. If you're keen to learn more about the advantages of proxies, you can read our guide on how to configure Nginx as an reverse proxy and an internet server using Apache on the Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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