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A proxy, also known as a proxy also referred to the proxy server, is a software that serves as an intermediary between a client and server over the internet. Without proxy, a user could send a request for resources directly to the server and it would serve the requested resource directly to the user. While this process is simple to understand and implement using proxies, it can provide benefits in the form of increased performance and privacy, security and many more. In addition to providing a layer of protection proxy, it acts as a gatekeeper for the internet, separating servers and clients.




It is generally accepted that the set of server hardware that is installed with proxy software is commonly called a proxy server. In this article, we'll focus on proxy servers that are typically described as software, and within the context of web servers. This article will give a detailed breakdown of the two major kinds of proxy servers: the forward proxy as well as a reverse proxy. Each has its own application, and is frequently confused due to a similar the name convention.




This article will give you an idea of the different types of proxy and what their subtypes, as well as their value in standard setups. By reading this post, you'll know how to recognize the situations in which an effective proxy could be useful and pick the right solution in between forward and reverse proxy depending on the circumstance.



Understanding Forward Proxies



A forward proxy, sometimes known as an open proxy acts as an intermediary for clients who are trying to transmit a request over the internet to a source server. In this instance, any request sent by the client will be directed direct to forward-proxy. A forward proxy acting in the place of the client will review the request. It will first determine whether the client is allowed access to requests made by this particular forward proxy. Then, it will deny any request or forward it to the original server. The client is not able to have connection to any internet. It has access to only what the forward proxy allows its access.




A very common applications of forward proxies is to gain greater privacy and security when surfing the internet. Forward proxy makes use of the internet as a client, and in that process, it uses an alternate IP address in addition to the client's IP address.




Based on the way it is configured based on how it is configured, forward proxy may offer a range of features depending on how it is configured and allows users to:




Beware of ads that track you.


Circumvent surveillance.


You will be able to identify any restrictions based upon your geographical location.




Forward proxies are also used in systems that provide centralized security as well as permission-based access, like at an office. All internet traffic can pass via an open forward proxy. an administrator is able to limit access to specific clients to the internet that is protected by a common firewall. In lieu of having firewalls on the client layer, which could include multiple machines with various configurations and users, you can have a firewall at the layer that forwards proxy traffic.




Take note to note that settings for forward proxy need to be manually set up to use however reverse proxies will be not considered in the eyes of the user. Based on the fact that your IP address the user is sent to the server from which it originated by the forward proxy, privacy and security can be granted or hidden.




There are a variety of choices to be considered for forward proxy options:




Apache is a well-known open-source web server, that offers forward proxy functions.


Nginx: Another widely used open-source server used for web hosting with forward proxy capabilities.


Squid: An open-source forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. It's not the entire web server. Check out our tutorial on how to install Squid proxy to connect privately in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante is an forward proxy which makes use of the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP to make it better suitable for peer-to-peer traffic. You may also want to examine how you can set up Dante proxy for connection to private networks in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy acts as the web server which handles the incoming requests of customers on its behalf. The web server could represent a single, or multiple servers. It may additionally be an app server, such as Gunicorn. In any of these cases, the request for an application is received through the internet. Most of the time, the request would be sent directly to a web server along with the information that the client is requesting. In contrast, a reverse proxy serves as an intermediary, and separates your website server from communication with the internet's open.




From the viewpoint of the user's viewpoint reverse proxy is a process that reverse proxy isn't any different than using a Web server to communicate in direct contact. It's the same thing however the client can't tell the difference. The client makes a request for the resource, which is followed by receiving it with no additional configurations required for the user.




Reverse proxy providers offer functions like:




A centralized layer of security to guard the server.


Incoming traffic is directed on the rules you decide to define.


New functionality added for caching.




Although centralized security can be a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy, reverse proxies do this for only the server layer, but not to the client layer. instead of being focused on maintenance of firewalls at the layer of web servers which may contain many servers and various configurations, most of the firewall security is aimed on the reverse proxy level. Furthermore, the elimination of the responsibility of interfacing with firewalls as well as communicating with requests from clients far from web servers allows them to focus on serving the requirements of their customers.




In the case of multiple servers running through a reverse proxy reverse proxy also is responsible to direct which requests are routed via which server. There could be multiple web servers offering the same content, each providing different types of services, or a mix of the two. These servers may be using the HTTP protocol, which is a typical web server, but can incorporate different protocols for application servers, such as FastCGI. You can also configure reverse proxy settings to direct users to a specific server based on the resource requested or to adhere to specific guidelines on the volume of traffic.




Reverse proxies may also take advantage of their location on top of web servers, by providing the capability to store information. Massive static resources can be configured with caching policies to avoid hitting web servers with each request. Certain solutions allow you to directly serve static assets without having to contact the web server in any way. Furthermore, the reverse proxy can help compress these assets.




The popular Nginx web server also functions as a popular reverse proxy option. While there is a similar feature in the Apache web server does have a reverse proxy features as an added feature available to Apache whereas Nginx was designed originally for and is focused on the reverse proxy feature.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Cases



Since "forward" in addition to "reverse" are associated with directionality, and false comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic These labels could be confusing because both kinds of proxy servers process requests and responses. In addition, the most effective method to differentiate between both reverse and forward proxies is to study the requirements of the app that you're building.




A reverse proxy could be beneficial when you are developing a solution for serving web applications online. They act as your web servers when you use the internet.




Forward proxy are useful when placed in front of customers to facilitate your own usage or in a corporate setting. They are a representation of your customer's traffic in any interactions on the internet.




The use of case-based differentiation instead of focusing on standard naming conventions could help in avoidance of confusion.



Conclusion



In this article, we explained what a proxy is, and compared it to the two most common types that are forward and the reverse proxy. Practical applications and a discussion of the beneficial attributes were used to identify forward proxies as well as reverse proxies. If you're looking to know more about how proxies are implemented You can read our guide on how to set up Nginx as reverse and webserver proxy using Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 Server.



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