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proxy or proxy is commonly referred to for its role as a proxy server, a software that acts in the middle between server and a client on the internet. Without the use of proxy servers, users can send a request for a service directly from the server, and then the server would deliver direct access to that resource. This method is simple to comprehend and utilize, however, the addition of proxy servers could provide advantages in terms of more speed, privacy and security, and much more. In addition to adding a layer of protection the proxy also acts as a gatekeeper for the internet between users and servers.




It is generally accepted that the package of server hardware along with the software for proxy installation is also often referred to as proxy servers. This article we'll examine proxies commonly categorized as software and within relation to web server. The article will give a detailed breakdown of the two principal kinds of proxies. These are a forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each has its own usage scenario, which is often misunderstood due to the overlapping naming convention.




This article will provide you with some understanding about what proxy servers and their subtypes are, and how they can be beneficial in various configurations. In this article, you'll be able recognize the situations where the use of proxies is advantageous, and make the right alternative between forward and reverse proxy for any particular situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



A forward proxy also referred to as the open proxy serves as an agent for a user who is trying to make a request via the internet to an source server. In this case, every request made by the user will be sent through the forward proxy. Forward proxy acting in the place of the client, will examine the request. It will first determine whether the client is authorized to receive requests from this specific forward proxy. It will then either reject requests or redirect them to the original server. It isn't able to directly connect to the internet. It can only access what the forward proxy permits it to access.




A common use for forward proxy is the requirement for more privacy or security while online. A forward proxy can connect to Internet as a "client" in this manner, it connects an alternative IP address to the client's IP address.




Depending on how it's been configured in accordance with the method it was set up forward proxy can provide a wide range of options which allow you to:




Avoid tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can identify limitations based on your geographic location.




Forward proxies are also used in systems that give central security and access via permissions, like in a workplace. Internet traffic can be routed via an open forward proxy, administrators can restrict access to specific individuals to access the web, which is blocked by the typical firewall. Instead of maintaining firewalls on clients, which may be used by several computers that have different settings and users A firewall can be placed within this forward proxy layer.




Be aware that forward proxy servers must be set up manually to allow their use, however reverse proxies will not be noticed by the user. Depending on whether your IP address a client is transmitted to the source server through forward proxy Privacy and anonymity can be granted or hidden.




There are many possibilities to think about in the case of forward proxy services.




Apache: A popular open-source web server that offers forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx: Another well-known open source web server that has forward proxy functions.


Squid: An open source forward proxy that utilizes the HTTP protocol. It's not part of the entire web server. We have a step-by-step guide for setting up Squid proxy to allow connection to private networks in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol rather than HTTP, making it ideal for scenarios such as peer-to-peer communication. You can also look at the steps to install a Dante proxy that will allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy functions as an intermediary to a web server, handling the incoming requests of clients in its place. This server can serve as a single server or multiple servers. Additionally, it can include an application servers, like Gunicorn. In any event, it's possible to get an inquiry from a client via the internet in general. Most of the time the request will be directed directly to the server hosting the information the client wants. Instead, a reverse proxy works as an intermediary that blocks your web server from communication with the internet's public.




From a consumer's point viewpoint, or an individual's view, interacting via reverse proxy isn't any different from connecting to the server by itself. It's basically the same as an internet server. The client isn't able to tell the distinction. The client is able to request the resource, and is then given it, without any additional configuration needed from the user.




Reverse proxies grant features like:




Security centralized on webservers.


Controlling traffic coming in by using rules that you create.


The caching functionality was added to the application.




While central security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy services, reverse-proxies provide this for the web server layer, but not to the layer of clients. Instead of implementing firewalls at the layer of web servers, which could comprise multiple servers with different configurations, the majority of firewall security is concentrated on the layer of reverse proxy. Additionally, getting rid of the necessity of connecting to a firewall and interfacing with requests from clients who do not have web servers allows them to concentrate on addressing the needs of their customers.




In the case of multiple servers being hosted through reverse proxy, the reverse proxy also is responsible for directing which requests go to which server. There could be multiple web servers providing the exact identical service, however each providing different types of resources, or perhaps a mix of both. They can use the HTTP protocol in the same way as a traditional web server but can be outfitted with protocols for application servers like FastCGI. You can set up reverse proxy that directs clients to an individual server depending on the resource they are looking for, or to observe specific rules regarding traffic load.




Reverse proxy solutions can also profit from their placement on top of web servers through the caching feature. Large static files can be arranged with caching rules in order to avoid hitting web servers every time you request. Certain solutions allow users to serve static content directly without connecting to a web server at all. Furthermore the reverse proxy is able to handle compression of these assets.




The well-known Nginx web server is also used as a popular reverse proxy solution. Although it is certain that Apache web server does have reverse proxy feature, it's an alternative option. Apache in contrast to Nginx was originally designed to focus on the reverse proxy feature.



Distinguishing Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Use Cases



Because "forward" as well as "reverse" are associated with an impression of directionality, they can lead to inaccurate comparisons with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic. These labels are confusing because both types of proxies manage both requests and replies. A better approach to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy is to think about the needs of the application you're creating.




Reverse proxy is a crucial feature when building a solution to deliver web applications to the internet. They act as your web server during any interaction with the internet.




Forward proxy software is useful when they are displayed in front of clients to use for personal purposes, or in a work setting. They are a representation of the traffic of your client when you use the internet.




Utilizing case-based distinction instead of focusing only on common naming conventions can ensure that you don't get confused.



Conclusion



The article outlined what is a "proxy" is with the two most common types of them being the reverse and forward proxies. Practical applications and a discussion of beneficial features was utilized to distinguish between forward proxy as well as reverse proxy. If you're looking for ways to use proxies, read our guide on how to set up Nginx as web server and reverse proxy for Apache on Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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