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proxy or proxy is often referred to as a proxy server, a software that sits in the middle between a server and client via the internet. Without a proxy, a user could send a request for any service directly from the server and then the server would deliver an item directly for the requester. Although this method is easy to grasp and use however, the addition of proxy servers could provide advantages in terms of better performance, privacy and security, among other things. Apart from adding a layer of protection it also serves as a gatekeeper for the internet between clients and servers.




It is generally accepted that the combined bundle of server hardware with an installed software proxy is often referred as a proxy server. This article we'll focus on proxies traditionally classified as software and within the context of web servers. The article will give a detailed breakdown of the two principal kinds of proxies: that is a forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each has its own usage scenario that is often confused due to the overlap in name convention.




This article will give you some understanding about what proxies and their subtypes are, and how they can be beneficial in a range of configurations. In this guide, you'll be able to discern the scenarios where the use of proxies is advantageous, and then make the best alternative between forward and reverse proxy for any particular scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



An forward proxy sometimes known in the form of the open proxy serves as an agent for a user trying to make a request via the internet to a source server. In this case, every request made by the user will be handled by the forward proxy. This forward proxy in the place of the client is able to examine the request. It will first determine whether the client has been authorized to accept requests from this particular forward proxy. Then, it will either refuse requests or redirect it to the server that originated it. It's not able directly connect to the internet. It only has access to what the forward proxy enables it to access.




The most common reason for using forward proxy is to provide greater security or privacy when using the internet. Forward proxy connects to the web as a user, and during this way, it assigns an alternate IP address for your client's IP address.




Based on the way it has been configured in accordance with the configuration forward proxy can provide a variety of functions that allow you to:




Beware of tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can spot limitations based on your location.




Forward proxies can also be used in systems that provide central security and access via permissions, like in a workplace. All internet traffic can pass via an open forward proxy. administrators can restrict access to a specific group of individuals to access the web, and this is blocked by the typical firewall. Instead of maintaining firewalls on this layer of client, which could be used by several computer systems with different environments and types of users, a firewall could be located in this forward proxy layer.




Take note that forward proxy servers must be set up manually to allow them to be used however reverse proxy servers will not be noticed by users. Depending on whether your IP address a client is transmitted to the source server via the forward proxy Privacy and anonymity can be granted or hidden.




There are numerous possibilities to think about when it comes to forward proxy services.




Apache is a well-known open-source web server, which offers forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx: Another well-known open source web server that comes with forward proxy functionality.


Squid is an Open Source Forward Proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. It isn't part of the whole web server. This is a step-by-step tutorial for setting up Squid proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol instead HTTP, making it ideal for scenarios such as peer-to-peer connections. It is also possible to look into how to set up the Dante proxy to allow private connections to Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary for a web server that handles incoming requests from clients in its place. The server could function as a single server or a number of servers. Furthermore, it could contain an application server like Gunicorn. It is possible to receive a request from a customer through the internet at large. In most cases, the request would be sent directly to the server hosting the information the customer is seeking. A reverse proxy works as an intermediary to isolate your web server from communication with the internet's users.




From a consumer's point view that is from a user's perspective, interacting with reverse proxy isn't different from connecting to the server in its own. It's functionally identical to Web server and client cannot tell the difference. The client is able to request the resource, and receive it, with no further configuration from the user.




Reverse proxies grant features like:




Centralized security for web servers.


Controlling traffic coming in according to rules you create.


Added functionality for caching.




While centralized security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy systems, reverse proxies perform this for servers on the internet but not the layer of clients. Instead of implementing firewalls at the layer of web servers that may contain multiple servers with various configurations, the majority of firewall security is located on that layer called reverse proxy. In addition, the absence of interfacing with firewalls and interacting with requests from clients without web servers lets them focus on meeting the requirements of their customers.




In the event of multiple servers hosting through a reverse proxy the reverse proxy determines which requests are routed on which server. Multiple servers may be providing the exact identical service, however each offering different kinds of resources, or some combination of both. They can use the HTTP protocol similar to a traditional web server, but they can also be equipped with applications server protocols such as FastCGI. You can create reverse proxy servers to redirect customers to specific server based on the resource requested or to follow certain guidelines for traffic load.




Reverse proxy solutions also profit from their placement on top of web servers through caching capabilities. Large static files can be arranged by caching rules to ensure that web servers are not hit every time you request. Some applications allow you to serve static content directly without having to connect to the web server in any way. In addition the reverse proxy is able to manage compression of these files.




The well-known Nginx web server can also function as a popular reverse proxy solution. Although it is true that the Apache web server comes with reverse proxy features but it's a different option for Apache as opposed to Nginx was designed initially to and focused on reverse proxy functionality.



Differentiating Forward Proxy from reverse Proxy Use - Situations



Since "forward" as well as "reverse" are both associated with a sense of directionality and misleading comparisons to "incoming" or "outgoing" traffic These labels are confusing because both types of proxies manage requests and responses. The best way to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy is to think about the requirements of the app you're building.




Reverse proxy is a crucial aspect when developing an application that can deliver web-based applications on the internet. They act as your web server in any interaction with the internet.




Forward proxy applications are advantageous when displayed in front of clients for personal use, or even in a working environment. They can be used to represent your client's traffic when you interact with the internet.




A case-based approach to differentiation rather than focusing exclusively on common naming conventions will help you not become confused.



Conclusion



This article clarified what is a "proxy" is and the two main types of them being the reverse and forward proxies. Practical applications and a discussion of beneficial features were used to distinguish forward proxies as well as reverse proxy. If you're considering how to implement proxies you should follow our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as web server and reverse proxy for Apache on Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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