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A proxy is can also be referred to as a proxy server software which serves as a mediator between a client and server via the internet. Without proxy servers, users could submit a request to servers directly and servers would then serve the requested resource directly to the user. Although this may be a straightforward procedure to comprehend and use, the addition of proxy servers could result in benefits like enhanced performance and privacy, security and more. As an additional layer of pass-through proxy servers are a way to secure the internet between clients and servers.




Generally speaking, the combined package of server hardware with the software for proxy installation is typically called proxy servers. This article will concentrate on proxy servers which are typically understood as software as in the context of web servers. This article will give a description of the two main types of proxy servers, which include a forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each type has a different use case, often confused due to the identical namesake convention.




This article will provide you with an idea of different types of proxy services and what their subtypes are, and the ways they can be helpful for setups that are common. After reading the article carefully, you'll be able to recognize situations where it's advantageous to use a proxy and decide on the appropriate choice between forward and reverse proxy in any circumstance.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy also referred to by the name of the open proxy serves as the agent of the client, in making an internet-based request to the server that originated it. In this situation, all attempts to send requests from the user will be directed directly to the forward proxy. In this scenario the forward proxy, on behalf of the client will examine the request. It will first decide if this client is able to make requests via this specific forward proxy. Then, it will either refuse requests or redirect them to the original server. The client is not allowed directly access to internet. It has access to only what the forward proxy permits it to connect to.




The primary reason for people to use forward proxies is to gain greater privacy or security on the internet. A forward proxy uses the internet instead of a client on its own, and, in doing so it can make use of an alternative IP address that is different from the original IP address of the client.




Based on the way it's configured the forward proxy will offer a variety of features and let you:




Stay clear of tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions based on the location.




Forward proxies may also be used in systems that provide centralized security and access based on permissions, for instance at work. If all internet traffic flows through a common forward proxy layer an administrator can allow only a handful of users access to the internet via an ordinary firewall. Instead of having firewalls set up on the client layer, which can involve many machines with varying settings and users there is a way to have a firewall set up at the front proxy layer.




Be aware that forward proxy servers must be manually set up in order to permit the use of these proxies, whereas reverse proxies can be ignored by clients. Based on the type of IP address of a client is transmitted to the origin server via forward proxy privacy and security may be granted or kept in the dark.




There are a number of possibilities to think about when it comes to forward proxies:




Apache is a well-known open-source web server, that offers forward proxy features.


Nginx: Another widely used open-source webserver, which includes forward proxy functions.


Squid is an Open Source Forward Proxy that uses it's HTTP protocol. It does not come with an an entire web server application. Learn more from our guide on how you can set up Squid proxy to permit private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante is a forward proxy that uses on the SOCKS protocol in place of HTTP so that it is more suited for cases such as with peer-to-peer traffic. It is also possible to understand how to set up the Dante proxy to permit private connections to Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy acts as an agent for a web server that handles incoming requests from clients on behalf of. The web server can comprise a server or multiple servers. It could also be used as an app server such as Gunicorn. In any of these scenarios a request could come from a user via the internet in general. In the majority of cases, this request is sent directly to the server hosting the information that the client wants. A reverse proxy is a intermediary to shield Web server from direct interaction with the internet's public.




From a consumer's point of viewpoint from the perspective of a client the use of a reverse proxy is no the same as working with a web servers in direct contact. It's basically the same thing, however the client can't distinguish between the two. Client makes request for the resource and it gets it, without any additional configuration needed for the end user.




Reverse proxies provide features like:




A central layer of security that guards the server.


Controlling traffic that is inbound according to rules you can define.


New feature added to caching.




Central security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy servers, reverse proxy providers offer this feature only to the layer on the webserver rather than the client layer. Instead of coordinating firewalls on the server level, which could contain multiple servers with different configurations, the bulk of firewall security is concentrated on the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the responsibility of interacting with firewalls and interacting with client requests off of web servers allows the firewall to concentrate on providing resources.




If there are multiple servers within a reverse proxy the reverse proxy also determines which requests go at the server. There could be multiple web servers that provide the same content, providing various kinds of services, or a combination of both. They could use the HTTP protocol in the same way as an ordinary web server. However, they can be equipped with applications server protocols like FastCGI. It is possible to set up reverse proxy software to redirect users to a specific server based on the service they require, or to adhere to specific rules regarding traffic load.




Reverse proxies also benefit from their positioning before web servers by providing the capability to store data. Large static assets can be configured using caching rules to prevent needing to connect with web servers every time you request. Some solutions even allowing you to directly serve static assets without having to contact the web server even once. Additionally the reverse proxy can manage the compression of these assets.




The renowned Nginx web server can also function as a powerful reverse proxy solution. Although Apache has a reverse proxy solution but the Apache web server is also fitted with an reverse proxy feature as an added option for Apache unlike Nginx was initially designed for and focuses on reverse proxy functions.



Differentiating Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Use Situations



Since "forward" as well as "reverse" come with connotations of directionality and misleading comparisons to "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic, these labels can be confusing since both types of proxies handle requests and responses. The most effective way to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy is to study the needs of the app you're working on.




Reverse proxy is a useful tool to use when designing a solution to deliver web-based applications via the internet. They represent your web servers when you connect to the internet.




A forward proxy can be helpful when it is displayed in front of clients for your personal use or in a professional setting. They are a representation of your client's web traffic during any internet-based interaction.




Separating by use case instead of using the same names will help in avoidance of confusion.



Conclusion



This article clarifies the meaning of a proxy, with two types being the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical scenarios for application and an examination of the beneficial attributes were used to identify forward proxies and reverse proxy. If you're interested in learning more about implementation of proxies, you can read our guide on how to configure Nginx for use as an online server and reverse proxy to Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 Server.



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