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It is an proxy which is also known as a proxy server. It's a program that functions as a mediator between a client and server on the internet. Without the use of a proxy, clients could make a request for or resource to the server directly and the server would provide the resource directly at the request of the customer. Although this method is simple to understand and implement, the addition of proxies could provide advantages in the form of improved performance, privacy, security, and many other benefits. As a layer of pass-through, a proxy acts as an additional security layer on the internet between clients and servers.




There is a general consensus this: the mix of servers hardware and software for proxy installation is usually referred to as proxy servers. This article will concentrate on proxy servers that are typically considered to be software, and also when referring to web servers. We will discuss of the two principal kinds of proxy servers, which include a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each has its own usage scenario, which is often not understood due to the similar terminology.




This article will give you an understanding of what proxies are and what subtypes they are and how they function in the common configurations. After reading this article, it will be able to identify the scenarios in which you can benefit from a proxy. You'll then choose the best option between forward and reverse proxy for each circumstance.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy, also known by the name of the open proxy serves as the representative of a user who would like to make a request through the internet to a source server. In this case the entire attempt to send requests by the user will be sent to the forward-proxy. The forward proxy, acting as a substitute for the client will review the request. The first step is to determine if the client is permitted to accept requests through this particular forward proxy. Then, it decides to decline a request and forward it to its origin server. The client isn't able to have directly access to internet. It has access to only what the forward proxy allows it to connect to.




A popular use for forward proxy servers is to obtain more privacy or security on the internet. Forward proxy can be used to access the internet in place of a client and as such it can make use of an alternative IP address to the initial IP address.




Depending on how it's been set up the forward proxy will offer a variety of functions depending on how it is configured, which allows you to:




Stay clear of tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions that are based on your area.




Forward proxies are also used for security systems which are centralised and have permission-based access like in a workplace. Every internet connection can go via an open forward proxy. an administrator can grant only a handful of clients access to the internet via a common firewall. Instead of establishing firewalls for the client layer that could include a variety of computers with different settings and users. A firewall could be set up on top of an intermediate layer of forward proxy.




It is crucial to keep in mind that forward proxies must be manually set up to be used, however reverse proxies remain unnoticed by users. Depending on whether the IP address of a user is transmitted to the server that originated it from the forward proxy privacy and anonymity may be granted or unnoticed.




There are a myriad of options to consider forward proxy options




Apache The Apache is a popular open-source web server that provides forward-looking proxy services.


Nginx is a popular open-source web server that has forward proxy functions.


Squid is an open-source forward proxy that utilizes an HTTP protocol. It isn't an complete website server program. We have a instructions on setting up Squid proxy to connect privately for private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which makes it better to handle peer-to-peer traffic. You may also want to explore how you can set up an Dante proxy to connect privately in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy is the web server, which takes care of requests from clients on its behalf. The web server may serve as a single server, or as a set of servers. In addition, it could function as an app server, such as Gunicorn. In either of these scenarios the request is made by an internet-connected user. In most cases, the request will be directly sent to the server that contains the resources the user needs. Instead, a reverse proxy acts as an intermediary, separating it from any direct contact with the open internet.




From the viewpoint of the user, working via reverse proxy isn't different from interacting with your website server direct. It's essentially the same, and the user cannot discern the distinction. Clients make a request for a resource, which is followed by receiving it with no further configuration by the user.




Reverse proxies offer features like:




Centralized security for the web server layer.


Directing traffic according to the rules you can decide to define.


Additional functionality to cache data.




While centralized security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy servers, reverse proxy services provide this benefit to those who use the server layer, but not to the client layer. Instead of maintaining firewalls on the web server layer that can include several servers that have different configurations, the bulk of firewall security could be centered at the reverse proxy layer. In addition, getting rid of the hassle of dealing with firewalls and communicating with clients who request information from web servers allows them to concentrate on serving resources.




If there are multiple servers operating through a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy also takes care of how requests are routed the server. There could be multiple web servers offering the same service, each providing various kinds of resources or a mix of both. They may utilize the HTTP protocol as a conventional web server, but they could also incorporate applications server protocols like FastCGI. You can set up reverse proxy that routes customers to specific servers depending on the resource they request or to follow certain guidelines regarding traffic volume.




Reverse proxies can also benefit by their position over web servers, by providing the ability to cache data. The large static files can be configured with caching rules in order to avoid the web server from being hit with every request, with some solutions providing the option to upload static files directly, without connecting to a web server even once. Furthermore, the reverse proxy can manage the compression of these assets.




The well-known Nginx website server also a highly popular reverse proxy solution. While Apache can also be a reverse proxy service, it is not a reverse proxy solution. Apache web server has a reverse proxy functionality as an added option for Apache while Nginx was designed originally for and was designed with a focus on reverse proxy capabilities.



Differentiating Forward and Reverse Proxy Use. Differentiating Forward and Reverse Proxy Utilization



Since "forward" and "reverse" are associated with the notion of directionality and false comparisons to "incoming" in addition to "outgoing" traffic, these labels can confuse since both kinds of proxy handle responses and requests. Better yet, the best method to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy is to look at the requirements of the app that you're developing.




Reverse proxy is a crucial element when you're designing a solution to host web applications on the internet. They are your web servers in any interaction with the internet.




A forward proxy is beneficial when used in front of customers for your own use or in a work environment. They act as your client's proxy for any interaction on the internet.




The use case-based differentiation as opposed to focusing only on standard naming conventions will help avoid confusion.



Conclusion



The article explained the significance of a proxy, with the two main types being the reverse proxy and forward proxy. Practical scenarios to use them and a review of the most useful features were utilized to differentiate between forward proxies and reverse proxies. If you're keen to learn more about the possibilities of proxies, then you can check out our guide on how to install Nginx as an reverse proxy and internet server using Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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