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A proxy often referred to as proxy servers is software that acts as a mediator between a client and server over the internet. Without a proxy, a user can send a request for an item directly to a server, and the server would deliver the resource directly back to the client. Though this approach is simple to grasp and implement, the addition of proxies could bring advantages in terms of improved performance and privacy, security and many more. Apart from providing a layer of security they also serve as a security guardian of the internet between clients and servers.




There is a general consensus that the collection of server hardware along with installed proxy software is also frequently referred to proxy servers. But, this article will concentrate on the proxies that are typically categorized as software and within the web server context. This article will give a synopsis of the two principal kinds, namely which are a forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each type has its own use and can be confusing due to a similar naming convention.




This article will give you an understanding of what proxies are and what their subtypes are and how they function in normal configurations. Through this article, you'll be able to identify the scenarios that are the best to utilize a proxy and choose the best option between reverse proxy and forward proxy for any scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



In other words forward proxy also known as open proxy. In other words, an open proxy serves as the representative of a customer who wishes to send an internet request to an origin server. In this case, every request made by the client is instead directed straight via the forward proxy. The forward proxy, acting in instead of the user, will review the request. First, it will determine if the client is authorized to accept requests from this specific forward proxy. Then, it decides if it wants to deny a request and send it back to the original server. The client isn't able to have direct access to the internet. It can only access what the forward proxy grants its access.




The most common reason to use forward proxies is to increase privacy or security on the internet. Forward proxy allows you to access the internet in instead of a client and in this manner it can use an alternative IP address to the original IP address utilized by the client.




Depending on how they've been configured in the past forward proxy servers are able to offer a wide range of options. They allow you to:




Avoid ad tracking.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can determine limitations based on your geographic area.




Forward proxies may also be employed in systems that offer central security and permission-based access, for example, in a workplace. If all internet traffic flows through an open forward proxy,, administrators are able to restrict access to certain clients to the internet and filter it through a standard firewall. Instead of putting firewalls in place to protect the client layer, which could comprise a variety of computers with different user and operating environments, the firewall could be put into the forward proxy layer.




Be aware that forward proxy settings have to be configured manually in order to be used, while reverse proxies are able to be ignored by clients. Based on whether the IP address of the client is sent to the origin server via forward proxy privacy and anonymity could be granted or not.




There are several possibilities to consider when it comes to forward proxy options:




Apache The Apache is a popular open-source web server with forward proxy functions.


Nginx: Another popular open-source webserver, this one with forward proxy capabilities.


Squid: A free forward proxy that utilizes an HTTP protocol. This doesn't offer an entire Web server service. Take a look at our step-bystep guide to set up Squid proxy to allow private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante forward proxy which runs on the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which makes it better suited to situations such as peer-to-topeer traffic. You can also examine how you can install a Dante proxy to connect privately in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy serves as a representative of web servers that handle the incoming requests of clients in its place. Web servers can comprise one or more servers. It could also be used as an application server such as Gunicorn. In any of these scenarios, an application request comes through the internet generally. In the majority of cases, the request will be directed directly to the web server along with the data the user is asking for. Instead, a reverse proxy acts as an intermediary, shielding Web server from any direct contact with the public internet.




From the point of perspective, which is also from a user's perspective, working with a reverse proxy is identical to using an internet server direct. It's exactly the same however the client is unable to see the distinction. The client requests a resource and then receives it, with no additional configuration needed by the client.




Reverse proxies provide features such as:




Secured centrally for Web Server Layer.


Controlling traffic coming inbound according to rules you can design.


The caching functionality has been added to the app.




While central security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy servers, reverse proxies provide this benefit only to the server layer, it is not available to the client layer. Instead of managing firewalls for the web server layer that can contain a variety of servers and different configurations, the majority of the firewall security is concentrated on the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the responsibility of interacting with a firewall as well as dealing with clients' requests outside of web servers permits them to concentrate on providing the needs of their customers.




In the event that there's multiple servers hosted with a reverse-proxy the reverse proxy will also be responsible to direct which requests are routed to which server. There could be multiple web servers offering identical content providing various types of resources or a mix of both. These servers may be running the HTTP protocol in the same way as an ordinary web server but they can include additional protocols for application servers such as FastCGI. You can also configure reverse proxy to redirect clients to specific servers in accordance with the resource requested or to adhere to specific rules for traffic load.




Reverse proxies can also benefit from their position prior to web servers by providing the ability to cache. Massive static resources can be configured using caching rules to prevent the web server from being hit with each request. There are solutions even allowing you to serve static assets directly without having to connect to the web server once. In addition reverse proxy is able to control compression of these files.




The popular Nginx web server can also function as a well-known reverse proxy option. While Apache can also be a reverse proxy option however, the Apache web server also comes with a reverse proxy functionality that is an added characteristic of Apache while Nginx was originally designed to focus on its reverse proxy feature.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Examples



Since "forward" and "reverse" are associated with directionality, and false comparisons to "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic, the labels could be confusing, because both types of proxy are able to handle requests and responses. A better approach to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy is to examine the requirements of the application that you are building.




A reverse proxy can be helpful when building a solution to provide web-based applications on the internet. They are your web servers when you interact on the internet.




Forward proxy can be useful when it is placed in front of clients to use for personal reasons or in an office environment. They represent your customers when you connect to the internet.




The use case-based differentiation instead of focusing on the standard naming conventions could help in avoidance of confusion.



Conclusion



This article defined the meaning of a proxy, which includes two types of proxy: the forward one and the reverse proxy. Practical applications and a review of the beneficial characteristics were employed to identify between forward and reverse proxies. If you're interested in knowing more about how to set up proxy services, check out our guide on how you can set up Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy with Apache using the Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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